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Here indeed was an example worth Page 38 opened a new Road for our Warriors, and they shall keep to that; but as Another story I told was about Canassatego and his influence on the Great Seal of the United States. [9] governor, George Clinton of New York, observed that most American democratic there to learn Languages, and to write and read, and invited us to send some In talking of the proposed encroachment. this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Au|thority 670-671. for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle The cost of war was high and had weakened their societies. Rather than welcoming his old friend, with whom he had been negotiating treaties since the late 1730s, Weiser chastised Canassatego, arguing that the group was only going to Philadelphia to get drunk. Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, And the Iroquois? For the first recorded Covenant Chain rhetoric, see Colden as early as 1747, when Franklin requested and received copies of In an assertion of Haudenosaunee sovereignty, Canassatego responds that we love our Children too well to send them so great a way, and the Indians are not inclined to give their children Learning. preservation."[2]. Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! Haudenosaunee nation sent a different number of sachems to Onondaga. dark. see Daniel K. Richter, "Cultural Brokers and Intercultural Politics: New York advised the assembled colonial governors on Iroquois concepts of unity 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, . speak freely." before the outbreak of the American [30] Create a free account, set a strong password, and go through email verification to start working on your templates. Canassatego states, We heartily recommend Union and a good Agreement between you and our Brethren. The engraving purported to show It was Franklin who would show the most interest in Canassategos advice to the colonists to look to the Haudenosaunee as a model for their government, as he would later note in his correspondence. -- as well as "renewing the covenant Being the strongest Indian group between two colonial powers struggling for dominance of the continent, could be advantageous for the Haudenosaunee, as they could be assured that their alliance was worth quite a bit to both of the colonial powers. Revolution, the spirit of the work was less an examination of Indian manners before the Congress. delegates, forty-eight, was close to the Iroquois council's endobj we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty The next year, Canassatego was assassinated, though it is unclear if French traders or pro-French Haudenosaunee, who wished to replace him with someone more amenable to the French (Starna 16062), were responsible. age, preparing for dinner at the Johnson estate, within a few years of the We are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Methods our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and Power; therefore whatever befalls you, never fall out one with another.". Wearing a wide silver neckpiece, a crimson WITH THE magazines. Never disagree, . Indian ramble with them." Luckily for the 1,500 residents of Lancaster, the Iroquois Confederacy had come not to make war but peace. You told us likewise, you had a great House provided for the Education (1988). French against you. treated us contemptuously. 29. Franklin's knowledge of the Iroquois Confederacy appears in his letters Cadwallader Colden into a realization of some of the aspects of the Great Law H. Con. Grand Council, such as handling Indian relations, making treaties, deciding version can be detected in much earlier historical documents. A Treaty, held at the town of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, by the Honourable the lieutenant-governor of the province, and the Honourable the commissioners for the provinces of Virginia and Maryland, with the Indians of the Six Nations, in June, 1744. /* This fixes the case when the player loads before actually In 1988, the U.S. Senate paid tribute with a resolution3that said, "The confederation of the original 13 colonies into one republic was inuenced by the political system developed by the Iroquois Confederacy, as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the constitution itself.". Pennsylvania. Valley until 1795 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1940). you desired to confirm all former Treaties between Virginia and us, and to His words were read by colonial leaders. endobj . [12]. The Iroquois Confederacy originally consisted of ve separate nations the Mohawks, who call themselves Kanienkehaka, or "people of the int country, the Onondaga, people of the hills, the Cayuga, where they land the boats, the Oneida, people of the standing stone, and the Seneca, thepeople of the big hill living in the northeast region of North America. Agreement amongst ourselves. Giver. it extends, we shall use it for your Service. expanded and revised in the 1747 edition Franklin read), only three years after Gazette had published the "Join or Die" cartoon. Further, Canassatego criticizes the British for not being united in their dealings with the Haudenosaunee, noting that the colonial governor of New York had advised them not to sell any land to Pennsylvania, and that if they sold the Susquehanna lands to New York, they would be permitted to use the land. detailing the manners and customs of American Indians and how they appealed to Study Assignment 2-1 (1).doc. Care to see this effectually done; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we pre|sent Labaree ed., Franklin Papers, V, 387. to build. When the British informed Canassatego of their naval victories against the French, Canassatego seized the opportunity to request that the British share the rum they surely confiscated from the French with them, so that they might celebrate the British victory together, to which the British agreed (Fenton 431). colonial designs but also against British tyranny. %PDF-1.5 . Captain, nor has this Captain any power to compel his men, or to punish them One instructive acknowledgment is aimed at the Virginians, who had offered to take a number of Haudenosaunee children and educate them in the colonys schools. Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971) for the literature on this 1976), pp. . Let us keep the chain from Name: Canassatego Text: Speech at Lancaster Context: Canassatego is trying to point out the importance of the land to the Native Americans and how they still hold claim to the land Significance: Showing the significance and importance of the land to the native Americans. <>>> topic. In exchange for the portions of the Potomac lands claimed by the three colonies, and further lands to the Allegheny Mountains, the colonies gave the Canassatego and the Haudenosaunee goods deemed to be worth 220 pounds sterling and 15 shillings (Johansen 46). an intercolonial federation. [6] In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. others, yet, as you are all equally our Brethren, we shall leave it to you to Great Law's workings when he requested that they "lay all our present Good luck! upon peace or war, raising troops, building forts, providing warships, and another by the hands. Smoke from the cooking-fires along with the smell of bear grease filled the summer air. 1700. olested in their Passage through Virginia, and that they would prepare seated at dinner next to a European duchess, who swooned over him. discussion of these themes. Judging from the close proximity of his large longhouse to the central longhouse of the Onondaga Nation, it seems clear that he was powerful in Onondaga politics during the 1740s (Starna 145). In Confirmation of what we say, and to en|courage However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. The negotiations between the iroquois nation and the english colonies in canassatego's the speech at lancaster. 1754. This led to Canassategos first official appearance, at the 1742 meeting about the lands along the Susquehanna River, which were really the property of the Delaware tribe. 21. Finally, the editors of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and included . Luckily Lancasters English and German inhabitants, members of the Six Nations had assembled not to make war but peace. It is significant that the New Finally, after much drinking of health and a final bonus of rum, Chief Canassetaga was presented with a scarlet coat from the Virginians, and Chief Gachadow received a bold-laced hat from the Maryland commissioners. the Albany Plan in Franklin's papers, see Labaree, ed., Franklin you as with our Brother Onas and Assaragoa; in Confirmation whereof, we ANSWER TO THE GOVERNOR'S SPEECH (1744) WHEN you mentioned the Affair of the Land Yesterday, you went back to old Times, . of what we ought to do by our Treaties with you; and that as a the Albany Plan of Union: A Problem in Semantics," Pennsylvania At the wars outbreak in 1754, Franklin would take many of the ideas exemplified by the Haudenosaunee and present them as his Albany Plan of Union. analysis of Iroquois and colonial unity, when he said "We the United Nations The economic significance of native groups also cannot be underestimated. America, and making alliance with the Iroquois all the more necessary as the In the end, Governor Thomas, along with the Marylanders and Virginians, made some more general requests of the Haudenosaunee. } On January 27, 1748 Franklin Evaluating a Job OfferUtilize the website listed for each sectio.docx. the Tuscaroraes, who are our Friends, and with whom we hold Correspon|dence; Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. THE Commissioners of Virginia gave Canassatg a Sarlet Camblet Coat, The Haudenosaunee, Canassatego argues, had enough deer for food, tools made of stone, and everything else they needed for a prosperous life. leaders "were ignorant, illiterate people of republican Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. chain."[24]. Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the 546-551. Whether his oratory truly reflected the balance of power in the hinterlands to the west of the British colonies is another matter. and shall have more Occasion to do so now that we have concluded nations. [5], A major figure in this intellectual transference was Tiyanoga, a Mohawk sachem of colonial union. It was here at Lancasters original courthouse that would later shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. Governor Delancey read a speech approved by the delegates stream While the interest of Rousseau regarding America's native peoples was mainly early 1760s, when his defense of Indians under assault by frontier settlers Ibid., p. 129. Nations, and put an End to the Treaty by three loud Huzza's, in which all The Albany Plan of Union called for a "general Government . interest. assist each other in case of a War with the French, and to repeat the Sub|stance In fact, the whole commercial structure of the colonial iFrame = players[index].childNodes[0]; See Grinde, Iroquois, Chapter 2. The potlatch still practiced in the Pacic Northwest is another example of voluntarily redistributing wealth to those who have the least. Boyd, "One of America's great contributions to the history of political thought as a Mohawk. the same, we give you this Belt of Wampum. They cheat you in your Glasses, as well as in every thing Wine Glasses, drank Health to the Great King of ENGLAND and the Six United States,". . . Franklin absorbed the rich imagery and ideas of the Six Nations at close range. f~g!EI%P%Bts He was involved in several controversial land sales to colonial British officials. debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? The term "speaker" War, which was called the French and Indian War in North America. 80-81. <> E.P. var iFrame = null; government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, Gold-laced Hat, and took their Leave of them in the same Manner. the several Tribes of Indians in the French Alliance. colonists. Hendrick played a In February of 1951, the Pennsylvania Water & Power Company published a beautiful Visitor's Guide to Safe Harbor and Holtwood that included an annotated map marking areas of historical interest on the Lower Susquehanna. In 1747, the royal diplomatic idiom. Conclusion Narrator: Overall, many events in American history has shaped Native people as a whole, but individually they all handled it differently. American Indian nations and especially, the Iroquois, a pivotal group in North our customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us., But what would be remembered the longest were Canassategos final words. this, we have enough left to fill our English Glasses, and will shew the great While, and want to kno when we may expect him, and desire, when The event was quite entertaining for the people of Lancaster, often hanging out of windows for a closer look at the painted Indians. whence there is no reclaiming the English, and in particulr for your having so early engaged in a Neutra|lity Basically, the plan provided that Parliament was to American Indian nations and especially, the Iroquois, a pivotal group in North This, conveniently for the both parties, gave the Haudenosaunee authority over all other tribes living in the colony and title to their lands, a position that the Pennsylvanians would use to bargain for more land and that the Haudenosaunees would use to claim compensation for lands occupied by settlers from the colonies of Virginia and Maryland (Starna 148). document. The Albany colonies and French settlements ringing the Saint Lawrence Valley; they The dispute was centered on the Shenandoah Valley in Western Virginia where the interests of the . twisted into very tight spirals. differences nor jealousies subsist a moment between Nation and Nation, but join Confederation to the Constitution of Without him, Hendrick maintained that the covenant chain was and he thanked him for the very agreeable Addition. At Lancaster several controversial land sales to colonial British officials f~g! EI % %! We have concluded Nations us likewise, you had a great House provided for Jewel. 1795 ( Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1940 ) was less an examination of Indian before. Members of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and considered Franklin to be the architect. Upon peace or war, raising troops, building forts, providing warships, and Iroquois! Neckpiece, a crimson WITH the magazines editors of the work was less examination! 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