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Accepted author version posted online: 18 Jul 2019. It allow to create list of users contirbution. A new organophosphorus nematicide under the commercial name of Imicyafos was released in Japan in 2010 (Wada, Toyota, & Takada, 2011).

5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Although the foliar application could reduce root-knot nematodes invasion in peppers, even more than that given by oxamyl and fenamiphos, this should be done prior to juveniles infection. 2015 Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling. In eggplant a much sharper decrease of root length was recorded in all doses used and no development was recorded at all when the dose was increased to 40 ppm. The application of fluensulfone substantially reduced nematode multiplication either in tomato or cucumber cultivation at all doses above 24 ml 100 m1. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. Roots were then washed in water and placed in vials containing equal volumes of glycerol and distilled water plus a few drops of lactic acid. Total yield of cucumber fruits was always higher in the plots treated either with fluensulfone (in any tested dose) or oxamyl. Reduced nematode population density, reproduction rate, and root-galling of tomato and cucumber plants caused by Nacobbus aberrans were observed using fluensulfone at doses of 1 to 2 L ha1 (Cabrera-Hidalgo, Moctezuma, & Mendoza, 2015). Probably the degradation products from these chemicals create a better soil environment in the root rhizosphere with more nutrients which reflect a better plant development and yield production. The action of fluensulfone on the stylet of the PPN Globodera pallida was therefore investigated, to validate observations made with C. elegans. Statistical analysis has shown a significant difference (P< 0.05) in the germination rate of all solanaceous species while no effects were recorded in all cucurbitaceous species since there was a complete germination of all cucumber, squash and melon seeds after 1-week incubation. Subsequently, four lower and four higher concentrations of nematicide were selected for the experiment. However, this conclusion can be used only ad hoc since different plant species show different emergence and rate of development in the presence of fluensulfone. Plants cultivated in plots treated with fluensulfone produced significantly more fruits throughout the cropping season for both crops. Fluensulfone was initially used as a nematicide in tomato and cucumber greenhouse cultivations. When plots were treated with 36 or 72 100 m1 then there was a 4 or 7-fold increase in the number of dead tomato plants compared to the control plots. Also, due to preliminary field observations, a series of laboratory experiments were established to evaluate the action of fluensulfone on seeds germination, root growth and plant development of three either solanaceous (tomato, pepper, and eggplant) or cucurbitaceous (cucumber, squash and melon) plants. At mid-season, all developmental stages of nematodes per root system were counted from 10 plants of the central line of each plot (Byrd, Kirk Patrick, & Barker, 1983). The pharyngeal effects suggested that fluensulfone might influence feeding behaviour in PPNs. Figure 3. All chemical treatments significantly reduced the numbers of nematodes per gram of root compared to the control, showing significantly similar results between each other. Plots treated with fluensulfone at 12 ml 100 m1 showed significantly more galls in the roots compared to the other fluensulfone treatments.

2012), lima beans (Jones, Kleczewski, Deseager, Meyer, & Johnson, 2017) and against PCN (Norshie et al., 2016). It was delivered through the drip irrigation system at doses from 12 to 72 ml 100 m1. Different genera of plant parasitic nematodes have shown different susceptibilities to fluensulfone application (Oka, 2013). It has to be explained the fact that the phytotoxicity was evident only in tomato plants and not in cucumber. Prior to chemical applications, 20 soil cores (10 cm diameter 25 cm deep) were collected from each plot using a cylindrical sampling tube for determination of pretreatment nematode population densities (pi) using Cobbs sieves and the Baermann method. (2016) observed phytotoxicity in eggplant and tomato after foliar applications at a rate of 12 g a.i. 109 ), or their login data. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Electrophysiological analysis found that fluensulfone has complex effects on the C. elegans pharyngeal system with lower concentrations exciting pharyngeal activity and higher concentrations inhibiting. The use of fluensulfone for the control . https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1643819, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. All plants were rearranged every 3 days to avoid any effect of light conditions to plant height. At the time of transplanting the height of each plant was measured. Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. No field of science has been suggested yet. Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism with well characterised genetics, neurophysiology and behaviour. The experiment consisted of one untreated control (deionized water only) and nine different doses of fluensulfone as follows: 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm. Plant parasitic nematodes infest crops and present a threat to food security worldwide. Twenty 10 cm soil cores were taken 25 cm deep near the base of plants within the row and second-stage nematode juveniles (J2) were extracted as described previously. Westerdahl, Long, and Schiller (2013) reported good results in controlling Meloidogyne javanica on carrot, tomato, squash, cucumber, and cantaloupe using fluensulfone. Doses explanations: (1) control, (2) 0.625, (3) 1.25, (4) 2.5, (5) 5, (6) 10, (7) 20, (8) 40, (9) 80, and (10) 160 ppm. Roots developed in Petri dishes treated with fluensulfone at 10 ppm had always reduced growth compared to the control treatment. After 3 days, the soil was cultivated many times with an L-type cultivator to ensure moisture and nematode population uniformity. In melon, the control was significantly different to the dose of 1.25 ppm. > We use cookies to At mid-season, 10 plants per plot were randomly marked and uprooted. 2012). Fluensulfone 480 g liter 1 EC was applied in tomato cultivation at five different rates: 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 ml 100 m1 seven days prior to transplanting. Doses explanations: (1) control, (2) 0.625, (3) 1.25, (4) 2.5, (5) 5, (6) 10, (7) 20, (8) 40, (9) 80, and (10) 160 ppm. Complete Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. > It has been tested either as EC or CS formulation by the company Makteshim-Agan (pers. C. elegans has proven useful in previous mechanism of action studies on anthelmintics. for many years. However, in tomato crop, there was a significant difference between the dose of 12 ml 100 m1 and the other treatments which was not recorded in cucumber crop. Copyright 2014 The Authors. elegans Root-knot nematodes can be controlled by chemical nematicides, cultural practices, and resistant hybrids or rootstocks (Giannakou & Anastasiadis, 2005; Giannakou & Karpouzas, 2003). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data obtained from each experiment using the General Linear Model, while treatments means were separated according to Tukeys HSD test. Plants were irrigated at 3-day intervals with a drip irrigation system and fertilized every week with a compound fertilizer (N:20%, P:20%, K:20%) as advised by the local agronomic authorities.

The best efficacy so far has been reported on root-knot nematodes (Morris et al., 2015; Oka, 2013). Doses explanations: (1) control, (2) 0.625, (3) 1.25, (4) 2.5, (5) 5, (6) 10, (7) 20, (8) 40, (9) 80, and (10) 160 ppm. Fluensulfone is a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl thioether group that has significantly reduced environmental impact with low toxicity to non-target insects and mammals. Error bars show standard error of the mean values. In squash, the control treatment gave a significantly greater root growth than the 1.5 ppm treatment of fluensulfone.

C. elegans mutants resistant to aldicarb and ivermectin are susceptible to fluensulfone. Staining with the metabolic marker MTT revealed that fluensulfone is nematicidal and that metabolic impairment may be the cause of this paralysis and death. In tomato, eggplant, and squash, the recommended dose has shown a significant plant growth reduction (P < 0.05), comparing to the control treatments while no significant differences were revealed after the statistical analysis between control and recommended dose in pepper, cucumber and melon (P > 0.05). Based on our experience working on a field level, this is not easily explained since cucumber seems to be more sensitive to the use of pesticides compared to tomato. Root-knot nematodes are responsible for devastating crop losses in many production areas in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world (Sikora & Fernandez, 2005) and also in all greenhouse vegetable production areas in Greece (personal observations). Synthetic pesticides still constitute an integral part of conventional agricultural systems, compared to pesticides of biological origin or bio-pesticides and formulations based on natural plant extracts which are mostly or solely utilized in organic farming. Our results have shown that fluensulfone, even in lower than the recommended doses, reduced seedlings emergence. from the publisher's website. This is desirable from an economic, agronomic and environmental point of view. The dosage and timing schedule is not the same in the two plant species since they have shown different sensitivities to the chemical in preliminary tests. Especially in some plant species (tomato and pepper), a high decrease of root development was recorded when the dose was increased from 10 (recommended dose) to 40 ppm. In the case of feeding and locomotion, an early excitation precedes the gross inhibition. elegans inhibits

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