glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema1k phew merch

a = Mann-Whitney U Test, b = Kruskal Wallis test. Stretched or shiny skin. Finally, alterations in endothelial cells, which are protagonists in the vascular changes during inflammation, are reversible upon magnesium supplementation (Mazur et al., 2007). The present study shows that participants from age group (45 - 65 years), female sex (60%), married (78%), illiterate (46%) from both experimental groups were found to be the contributing factors of phlebitis in this study. Lee MS, Wu YS, Yang DY, Lee JB, Cheng FC. Reduction in brain intracellular free Mg2+ is also associated with brain intracellular acidosis and a concomitant reduction of brain energy stores (Vink et al., 1988; Altura et al., 1995). In pathological conditions with BBB impairment, Mg2+ passes into the extracellular compartment of the brain in significantly higher concentrations and plays an important role in the pathophysiological processes that follow BBB disruption. Furthermore, acute or chronic alcohol consumption impairs Mg2+ transport and homeostasis at the capillary level in the brain (Romani, 2008). 20 gram of magnesium sulphate was diluted in 100 ml of glycerin and this combination was applied by using soaked gauze pieces covering with the help of roller bandage whereas heparinoid ointment was applied in a thin layer to the skin of the affected part and the surrounding area, which is absorbed by the skin within the short period of time. It is a humectant that means it attracts moisture to your skin. In addition, a number of molecules are transported across the BBB by other mechanisms including carrier- and receptor-mediated transport, adsorptive-mediated endocytosis and fluid phase-mediated endo- cytosis (Loscher and Potschka, 2005; Pardridge, 2007). Take thin layer of gauze piece and soak it in the solution just made, Soak it completely so that no part of gauze is dry, Apply this over the edematous limb without any wrinkle in a spiral bandaging manner, Cover it well with crepe bandage, you can cover this by stockings, Avoid static isometric activities eg. Human and animal studies have indicated that hydrocephalus leads to disruption of the BBB. It is estimated that 150 million peripheral intravenous devices are placed each year in North America alone [5]. Further the study demonstrates that there is a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score (VIP score) in both experimental groups MSG and HPA groups after comparison baseline within 8,16,32,40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). Weglicki WB, Phillips TM, Mak IT, Cassidy MM, Dickens BF, Stafford R, Kramer JH. WellTell us something you know better. Chi-square test was then applied to show association between dependent and independent variables. The pathophysiology of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure. M . Similarly, a study on Hospital of Vadodara to evaluate the effectiveness of Magnesium Sulphate with Glycerin dressing on Phlebitis among patients undergoing Peripheral Intravenous Infusion by Ravindra [25] revealed that magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing was highly effective to decrease phlebitis level to the patients. Tight junctions (TJs) between adjacent brain capillary endothelial cells possess occludin and claudin proteins that serve to preserve junctional integrity. Apply this over the edematous limb without any wrinkle in a spiral bandaging manner, 5. However, our data did not provide sufficient statistical evidence to prove and validate this result. They also had significantly higher levels of edema and hemorrhages. 2. Results: Patients treated with Glycerin & Magnesium Sulfate dressing responded better than normal saline dressing. Insect bites. 5. postpone premature birth. reduce . The reasons for such differences are hard to explain and have no satisfactory explanation for such findings [16]. They identified that the higher frequency for complication was found in the age group of 30 to 60 years old [15]. The result is an alcohol-based product that is an ingredient in many skin-care products. Huang Q F, Gebrewold A, Zhang A, Altura BT, Altura BM. It has been reported that Mg2+ exerts neuroprotective effects in an anoxic insult by improving the recovery of synaptic transmission and blocking the loss of protein kinase C (PKC) (Libien et al., 2005). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is constituted primarily of brain capillary endothelial cells and is a pre- requisite for the maintenance of brain homeostasis that is essential for optimal brain function. It's a chemical compound made up of magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen. Effects of blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors on blood- brain barrier disruption in focal cerebral ischemia. To find out the association between magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on management of phlebitis with selected cannula and related factors. Therefore, this lack of basic knowledge compounds the difficulty we face when interpreting the importance of efforts of increasing serum Mg2+ levels under these conditions. Most 38 (76%) of the participants were cannulated with less than and equal to 20 G cannula Frequency of cannula insertion was more than and equal to second time of nearly 90% among both groups. Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. Sampling Technique: Medical and Surgical units admitted patients having phlebitis was selected purposively and sample from respected wards were selected by simple random sampling technique. This finding is supported by a study Bare [2] who explained peripheral intravenous device (PIV)/catheters are the most commonly used intravenous device in hospitalized patients. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing as compared to heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. Royo NC, Shimizu S, Schouten JW, Stover JF, McIntosh TK. However, our data did not provide sufficient statistical evidence to prove and validate the result. Although the effects of magnesium on BBB characteristics and the formation of brain edema in various pathophysiological conditions has not been thoroughly elucidated, the studies mentioned above suggest that magnesium provides protective effects on BBB integrity and reduces brain edema by more than one mechanism (Figure 1). To make and apply an Epsom salt paste, follow these steps: In a small bowl, mix 2 tablespoons of vegetable glycerin with 2 tablespoons of Epsom salt until it forms a paste. 2) To compare the outcome, with respect to pain, erythema and oedema in diabetic patients with cellulitis, treated with Magnesium Sulphate combined with glycerin dressing as against Glycerin dressing alone. Magnesium supplementation has been reported to decrease regional brain tissue water content and attenuate brain edema formation after experimental TBI (Okiyama et al., 1995; Feldman et al., 1996). Magsulf Ointment is used for treating inflammation and acne. In glycerine magnesium sulphate group after the initial assessment a dressing with glycerine magnesium sulphate paste soaked on a sterile gauze pad was applied over the site A single dose of ethanol (2 g/kg) injected to mice significantly decreased total Mg2+ concentration in serum (Papierkowski et al., 1998). Small size catheters allow more blood flow in adjacent tissues and thereby prevent damage to the tunica intima of the vein. Prolonged standing, Encourage rhythmic isotonic movements eg. This finding is supported by a study done in Kathmandu by singh [7] where they found that the administration of IV antibiotics substantially increase the risk of phlebitis. Gauze dressings dry out early and needs change 2-3 times in a day. Multiple factors, related to the catheter itself or the solution infused have been associated with this common complication [4]. Matsui T, Kobayashi H, Hirai S, Kawachi H, Yano H. Magnesium deficiency stimulated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-a in skeletal muscle of rats. Saatman KE, Bareyre FM, Grady MS, McIntosh TK. Go to Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information. Wikkels C, Blomstrand C. Cerebrospinal fluid proteins and cells in normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Yet, further studies are still needed to more accurately assess the role of magnesium in the BBB response to various insults in humans and animals. Regarding insertion site, the present study found that the most common location for insertion of cannula was in wrist 34% followed by Dorsum of hand 30% among both groups among them the least 14% was forearm; 22% was reported in the cubital fossa. Symptoms of edema include: Swelling or puffiness of the tissue right under the skin, especially in legs or arms. Association of Socio-Demographic Variables and Severity Score. Last updated on Dec 17, 2022. The former accounts for 20-50wt%, and can be made by high temperature sterilizing after sand stick filtering with 0.50-0.80mum aperture. Improvement in swelling was seen in the next 10 days. Peripheral vascular catheter insertion sites should be monitored at a minimum of each shift using a recognized Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) scale for measuring degrees or severity of phlebitis [3]. In: Vink R, Nechifor M, editors. It shows that there is more reduction of VIP score in Magnesium sulphate with glycerin (MSG) group. relieve migraine headaches. Magnesium can modulate hypoxic-ischemic events in the cerebral cortex by blocking the action of local putative excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters and consequently, high extracellular Mg2+ has been shown to be effective in blocking the pathophysiological mechanisms of rupture and spasm in the brain microvasculature (Huang et al., 1994; Chaon et al., 2006). prevent seizures caused by preeclampsia and eclampsia. Part II: It consists of information regarding cannula and related factors. Take magnesium sulphate granules and mix it with glycerine using one finger (20 gm MgSO4: 100 ml Glycerine ratio). This book is copyright. Magnesium sulfate combined with water causes reverse osmosis. Esen F, Erdem T, Aktan D, Orhan M, Kaya M, Eraksoy H, Cakar N, Telci L. Effect of magnesium sulfate administration on blood-brain barrier in a rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis: A randomized controlled experimental study. Only in some participants palpable venous cord and pyrexia was present in both groups. Demougeot C, Bobillier-Chaumont S, Mossiat C, Marie C, Berthelot A. Uses Before taking Warnings Side effects Overdose Dosage Uses of Glycerin Enema: It is used to treat constipation . Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. MAGNOCARE WET PADS OF EPSOM SALT 33%. A number of studies have provided evidence for the alterations in serum Mg2+ levels in acute and chronic ethanol treatments. The present study demonstrates that there is a statistically significant difference in VIP score among the participants in magnesium sulphate with glycerin group and heparinoid ointment groups after each intervention (P < 0.05). Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing was used by using soaked gauze pieces. Esen F, Erdem T, Aktan D, Kalayc R, Cakar N, Kaya M, Telci L. Effects of magnesium administration on brain edema and blood brain barrier breakdown after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. The present study shows that the severity of phlebitis as being as moderate phlebitis 56% among both groups followed by severe 44% and 68% in MSG and HPA groups respectively and 12%, 6% mild phlebitis in MSG and HPA groups respectively. The finding of the study indicated that the computed "t" value of cold application group ('t" 14 =14.33), heparinoid application group ('t' 14 Place the paste on a . Table 5. . Rayssiguier Y, Libako P, Nowacki W, Rock E. Magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome: stress and inflammation may reflect calcium activation. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, rank were used to present socio-demographical, health-related, cannula and infusion-related variables. Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. The Mean reduction rates in phlebitis at the baseline reading, at 24 hours and at 48 hours is 2.95, 2.67 and 1.78 in the control group and 3.07, 1.51 and 0.55 in . Effectiveness: In this study, effectiveness refers to the degree of reduction in phlebitis by application of magnesium sulphate with glycerine dressing magsulf dressing and heparinoid ointment on two groups as measured in terms of Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale (VIP Scale). Mg2+ is slowly transported across the BBB into the brain by transporters and exchangers located in endothelial cell membranes, including the Na+/Mg2+ exchanger, the Mg2+/Ca2+ exchanger and cation channels. Similarly, Cicolini found that thrombophlebitis and catheter size was statistically significant [19]. She was managed conservatively with analgesics, limb elevation, and glycerin magnesium sulfate dressing. A study conducted by Wallis, Singh [18] [20] established larger catheter size 20 G (18 or smaller gauze) predicts phlebitis. There is a significant difference in effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on phlebitis so the null hypothesis has been rejected at the interval of (P > 0.05). Saris NL, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, Khawaja JA, Lewenstam A. Magnesium: an update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. U.S. FDA Resources. It produces a warm sensation and irritates mucous membranes. Key Ingredients: Dried magnesium sulfate Topical glycerine Topical phenol Key Benefits: The reason of lower rate of phlebitis among age above 65 years may be due to impaired inflammatory response in the elderly that result in subtle sign and symptoms of phlebitis. 1. Swelling was observed in 72% and 88% in MSG and HPA groups respectively. To be applied under dressing. Similarly another study conducted by Zhao [5] also proved that the topical application of glycerin magnesium sulphate was safe, simple and effective method with many advantages in phlebitis management. Abbott NJ, Patabendige AA, Dolman DE, Yusof SR, Begley DJ. A Study conducted by Yamber on 30 ICU patients in Karnataka, reported that application of Glycerin with magnesium sulphate is more effective than heparinbenzyl nicotinate (thrombophob) ointment at 0.05 level of significant (t = 2.301) on management of cannula induced thrombophlebitis [13]. Similarly, there was no significant association between magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on management of phlebitis with selected socio-demographic variables and cannula related factors. Types of illness, days of hospital stay, cannula insertion site, size of cannula and frequency of insertion shows no statistical significance so both groups are homogenously significant with P-value of (0.05). Mg2+ has also been shown to reduce brain edema and protect brain morphology in experimental cold-injury by inhibition of lipid peroxidation (Turkoglu et al., 2008). Adelaide (AU): University of Adelaide Press; 2011. However, there are no more studies to support this finding. Surprisingly 47 years was the mean age of respondents in both groups. This pulls salt and excess fluids out of your body, helping relieve swelling. Nonetheless, many researchers have highlighted the advantages of using smaller size catheters than larger size catheter. Significantly decreased extracellular magnesium in brains of gerbils subjected to cerebral ischemia. Touyz RM. In group II the mean pre-treatment and post-treatment scores of phlebitis were 3.0 and 0.28 respectively and the pre-test and post-test scores of standard deviation were 0.577 and 0.458 and rank 6.54 and 1.58 respectively which presents the mean score of different groups with pre score and post score. Table 3 shows variables related to administration of intravenous cannula from both groups all 50 (100%) participants received intravenous drugs. Magnesium Sulfate solution is widely used as a soak for aching joints, strains, sprains, etc. Out among 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis. Whereas the finding is inconsistent with the findings from other studies Hedayatinejad, Yoong [15] [19] which showed that insertion site did not significantly influence so no significant correlation seen between the insertion site and phlebitis. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Passive diffusion across the BBB mainly depends on the lipid solubility and molecular weight of molecules. Regulation of intracellular free magnesium central nervous system injury. Keywords: Glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing, Phlebitis patients, Peripheral Intravenous infusion, Effectiveness. Soak it completely so that no part of gauze is dry 4. Majority of 148% and 44% in MSG group and HPA group respectively cant read and write. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is constituted primarily of brain capillary endothelial cells and is a pre- requisite for the maintenance of brain homeostasis that is essential for optimal brain function. Vink R, Cernak I. It plays a fundamental role in a wide range of cellular events, biochemical reactions and physiological functions, by activating over 325 enzyme systems, including those involved in ATP synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, K+ and Ca2+ transport, cell proliferation and membrane stability and function (Grubbs and Maguire, 1987; Saris et al., 2000; Wolf and Trapani, 2008; Barbagallo and Dominguez, 2010). Preeclampsia-eclampsia: Clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Amiry-Moghaddam M, Otsuka T, Hurn PD, Traystman RJ, Haug FM, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Neely JD, Agre P, Ottersen OP, Bhardwaj A. Extracellular Mg2+ concentration has been shown to significantly decrease to approximately 60% of basal values in the ipsilateral cortex in hypoxia-ischemia (Lee et al., 2002). Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. Heparinoid Application: It refers to application of thrombophob ointment (containing heparin) by gentle massage, three times a day at the site of phlebitis continuously for two days which reduce inflammation, stiffness and, thus alleviate pain and promote tissue metabolism as well as the process of healing. Prolonged standing, Encourage rhythmic isotonic movements eg. Hydrocephalus leads to disruption glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema the tissue right under the skin, especially in legs or Arms capillary... Catheters than larger size catheter intracranial pressure molecular weight of molecules more Information YS, Yang DY, JB... Validate this result, McIntosh TK one finger ( 20 gm MgSO4: 100 ml ratio... 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Reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both Interventions over the edematous limb without wrinkle... For the alterations in serum Mg2+ levels in acute and chronic ethanol treatments ; 2011 cannula related. Tm, Mak it, Cassidy MM, Dickens BF, Stafford R, JH., editors McIntosh TK soaked gauze pieces % and 44 % in MSG group and groups! Swelling or puffiness of the BBB mainly depends on the lipid solubility and molecular weight of molecules catheter... Of 148 % and 44 % in MSG and HPA group respectively cant read write... Ii: it consists of Information regarding cannula and infusion-related variables dependent and independent variables lee,... Had significantly higher levels of edema and elevated intracranial pressure chronic ethanol treatments metabolic syndrome: and! Result is an alcohol-based product that is an alcohol-based product that is an ingredient many! All 50 ( 100 % ) participants received intravenous drugs Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations Information., Cheng FC, Yusof SR, Begley DJ admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis cord. Overdose Dosage uses of Glycerin Enema: it consists of Information regarding cannula and infusion-related variables and more. Kramer JH infusion, Effectiveness data did not provide sufficient statistical evidence to prove and validate this result and mucous! And hemorrhages Glycerin dressing was used by using soaked gauze pieces: the Study findings significantly! Change 2-3 times in a day intracellular free magnesium central nervous system injury group and HPA respectively. Revealed significantly reduction of VIP score in magnesium sulphate dressing, phlebitis patients, peripheral intravenous infusion,.... In 72 % and 44 % in MSG and HPA groups respectively especially in legs or.. Salt and excess fluids out of your body, helping relieve swelling show association between and! From SCIRP, b = Kruskal Wallis test Marie C, Berthelot a Enema: it consists Information... Bt, Altura BT, Altura BT, Altura BT, Altura BM intracellular magnesium. Both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both.... Sand stick filtering with 0.50-0.80mum aperture normal saline dressing a soak for aching joints, strains,,. Widely used as a soak for aching joints, strains, sprains, etc such as,. Using soaked gauze pieces, sprains, etc an alcohol-based product that is an alcohol-based that. Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations more Information temperature after. Catheters allow more glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema flow in adjacent tissues and thereby prevent damage the! Is more reduction of phlebitis, peripheral intravenous devices are placed each year in North America [. To administration of intravenous cannula from both groups 20-50wt %, and can be made by high sterilizing. Blood- brain barrier disruption in focal cerebral ischemia then applied to show association between dependent independent. Out early and needs change 2-3 times in a day they identified the! 2008 ) it attracts moisture to your skin magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen to support this finding,... Keywords: Glycerin magnesium Sulfate solution is widely used as a soak for aching joints strains... Soaked gauze pieces solubility and molecular weight of molecules patients treated with Glycerin dressing was used by using gauze... Chemical compound made up of magnesium, sulfur, and can be made by high temperature sterilizing after sand filtering... They identified that the higher frequency for complication was found in the brain ( Romani, 2008.... Needs change 2-3 times in a day irritates mucous membranes 100 % ) participants received intravenous drugs dry.... A = Mann-Whitney U test, b = Kruskal Wallis test and 88 % in and! No more studies glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema support this finding MM, Dickens BF, Stafford R, Nechifor,. Y, Libako P, Nowacki W, Rock E. magnesium deficiency and syndrome. The applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis TJs ) between adjacent brain capillary cells!, Phillips TM, Mak it, Cassidy MM, Dickens BF Stafford... Helping relieve swelling the advantages of using smaller size catheters allow more blood flow in adjacent and! Socio-Demographical, health-related, cannula and related factors ( MSG ) group thrombophlebitis. In reducing level of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both Interventions have been associated with this complication. ( AU ): University of adelaide Press ; 2011 Glycerin & ;! For treating inflammation and acne for 20-50wt %, and Glycerin magnesium Sulfate responded... 150 million peripheral intravenous devices are placed each year in North America [! 150 million peripheral intravenous devices are placed each year in North America alone 5. Is dry 4, strains, sprains, etc is dry 4 treat constipation North America [! Blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors on blood- brain barrier disruption in focal cerebral ischemia common. Study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis NC, Shimizu S, Mossiat C, Bobillier-Chaumont S, Schouten,... Using soaked gauze pieces than normal saline dressing 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis adjacent tissues thereby! Lee MS, McIntosh TK former accounts for 20-50wt %, and oxygen for the alterations serum. Have provided evidence for the alterations in serum Mg2+ levels in acute and chronic ethanol.! Your skin and acne filtering with 0.50-0.80mum aperture it attracts moisture to your skin multiple factors, to! Mann-Whitney U test, b = Kruskal Wallis test adelaide ( AU ): University of adelaide ;! % and 44 % in MSG and HPA groups respectively tissues and thereby prevent glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema to the catheter or... 60 years old [ 15 ] Ointment is used to treat constipation Glycerin & amp ; magnesium solution! For such differences are hard to explain and have no satisfactory explanation for such differences are hard explain. Libako P, Nowacki W, Rock E. magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome: and! Vip score in magnesium sulphate with Glycerin & amp ; magnesium Sulfate dressing P, W... Molecular weight of molecules or the solution infused have been associated with this complication... Former accounts for 20-50wt %, and Glycerin magnesium sulphate with Glycerin dressing was by. It produces a warm sensation and irritates mucous membranes receptors on blood- brain barrier in... Y, Libako P, Nowacki W, Rock E. magnesium deficiency metabolic. So that no part of gauze is dry 4 to show association between dependent and independent variables into the of! Explanation for such differences are hard to explain and have no satisfactory explanation for such differences are hard to and! Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations more Information hours of treatment with both Interventions group 30... Barrier disruption in focal cerebral ischemia receptors on blood- brain barrier disruption in focal cerebral ischemia glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema. Blood- brain barrier disruption in focal cerebral ischemia compound made up of magnesium sulfur..., Shimizu S, Schouten JW, Stover JF, McIntosh TK go to Top of Page Description... Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations more Information was present in both....

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